German royalty, the second daughter of Duke Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel and his wife Augusta, Princess Royal of England and sister of George III. Caroline was married against her will on 8 April 1795 to her cousin George, Prince of Wales, three days after she arrived from Germany. Their dislike was immediate and mutual, and after the birth of their daughter in January 1796, Princess Charlotte Augusta, they formally separated in bitter enmity.
Absolved of her conjugal duties, Caroline left England in 1814 for a five and a half year tour of the Continent, North Africa and the Middle East. While in Milan, Italy, she appointed as her “cabinet-courier” an Italian manservant named Bartolomeo Pergami, and rumors of their debauchery soon made their way back to England.
George succeeded his father upon King George III’s death on 29 January 1820. He promised Caroline a generous stipend if she never returned from Italy, where she was living. Caroline was determined to claim her title as queen and returned to England, where she was welcomed by cheering crowds. Her husband promptly asked Parliament to impeach her for “licentious, disgraceful, and adulterous intercourse,” and to dissolve their marriage and deprive her of her title.
The proceedings began in the House of Lords on 17 August 1820 with testimony from an endless trail of bodyguards, chambermaids and traveling companions. From August to November the trial of Queen Caroline was a media circus. A slim majority of the Lords voted for the bill to impeach the Queen, but it was shelved in November 1820 because of angry demonstrations in the streets. The people objected to the indignity of having the Queen’s private life denigrated, rebelling against the over handed persecution of the King.
Even though she received the support of the people, Caroline was forcibly denied admittance to the coronation on 19 July 1821. Mortified and rejected from her royal position, she died on 7 August 1821, London, England.
Her daughter, Charlotte Augusta, had died in childbirth on 6 November 1817 along with her baby, an event which changed history by paving the way for Victoria to ascend to the throne.
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