Princess of Orange-Nassau by birth and Princess consort of Nassau-Weilburg by marriage.
She was the daughter of Willem IV, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, and Anne, Princess Royal.
In 1747, it was declared that the position of Stadtholder could be inherited by females, thus making the young Princess Carolina the heiress presumptive to the position of Stadtholder. However, in 1748, a male heir, Willem, was born to her parents, thus displacing her and putting her second in line to the position.
Princess Carolina’s father died in 1751, making her three-year-old brother Prince of Orange, styled Willem V of Orange. At that point, her mother was appointed Princess-Regent. However, in 1759, her mother died, and Willem V was still just ten years old. Then, Princess Carolina’s paternal grandmother, Princess Marie-Luise, was made Princess-Regent. Princess Marie-Luise was regent until 1765, when she died. Willem V was now seventeen, but that was still not old enough to rule on his own. So, Princess Carolina was made regent. She ruled until 1766, when Willem V turned eighteen.
On 5 March 1760 in The Hague, during the regency of her grandmother Princess Marie Luise, Princess Carolina married Karl Christian, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg. They had fifteen children, seven of whom survived to adulthood.
Princess Carolina died on 6 May 1787, aged 44, in Kirchheimbolanden.

Link to Wikipedia biography