Polish physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, founder of the Polish school of immune and a new field of science – seroantropologii. He studied medicine in Würzburg and Berlin. He received a doctorate for his work on the agglutination, and habilitation (aged 30 years) for work on the compound effects of immune and blood clotting. During World War I he participated in the fight against a huge epidemic of typhus in Serbia. During World War II, along with other Jews he had been forced to live in the Warsaw ghetto. He lectures there, worked as a researcher, as well as – thanks to a vaccine delivered by prof. Rudolf Weigl from the Lviv Institute, illegally smuggled into the ghetto – treated patients with typhus.
His most important scientific achievements should work on blood groups. He led it in the years 1907-1911, together with Emil von Dungern in Zurich. He discovered the laws of inheritance of blood group (which applied for the purposes of the investigation of paternity) and introduced the determination of blood groups as 0, A, B and AB, adopted worldwide in 1928 also marked the Rh factor and discovered the cause of conflict, HIV, which saved the lives of many infants . In 1950. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in medicine for explaining the mystery phenomenon serological conflict between the mother and the fetus.
He died 7 March 1954.
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